On 17th September 1820, accompanied by his friend Joseph Severn, John Keats left London for Italy on board the Maria Crowther in a desperate bid to restore his health. Anguished at the thought of having to part, possibly for ever, from his fianc?e and his friends, troubled by money worries and broken in body and mind, the young poet launched on his last journey on Earth with both a sense of hope and a deep foreboding that his efforts would be in vain. Despite Keats’s own assertion that by then he no longer felt a citizen of the world and was leading a ‘posthumous life’, his final five months were filled with events of great biographical interest, and deserve to be examined much more carefully. Using exclusively primary sources and first-hand accounts, Keats’s editor and translator Alessandro Gallenzi has pieced together all the available material.